OPTICAL COMPUTER

OPTICAL COMPUTER
An optical computer is a device that uses photons, thin films, crystals, and optical fibers to perform digital computations. Optical computation is the most feasible technology that can replace electronics, and promises impressive speeds that can enhance processing power and data rate transmission.

WHY OPTICS FOR COMPUTING?
Research in optical computing has opened up new possibilities in several fields related to high performance computing, high-speed communications. Lasers, fibers, and optical components have already proven their reliability and high levels of performance in many applications such as laser printers, photocopiers and scanners, optical switches, all-optical data networks, holographic storage devices, and biometric devices at airports to track weapons and drugs. At the same time, the promise of optical computing comes from the many advantages that optical interconnections and optical integrated circuits have over their electronic counterparts. Optical computing is immune to electromagnetic interference and free from electrical short circuits. Photons of different colors can travel together in the same fiber or cross each other in free space without interference or cross-talk. Photons have low-loss transmission and provide large bandwidth, offering multiplexing capacity for communicating several channels in parallel without interference. Optical materials are compact, lightweight, inexpensive to manufacture, more facile with stored information than magnetic materials, and possess superior storage density and accessibility compared to magnetic materials. Progress in holographic storage devices can enable storage of the entire Library of NIT Hamirpur onto a sugar-cube-size hologram. Furthermore, optical parallel data processing is easier and less expensive than electronic. In addition, optical computing systems offer computational speeds more than 107 times faster than the currently fastest electronic systems. This means a computation that takes a conventional computer more than 11 years to solve would take an optical computer less than one hour. Now the day’s field of optical computing is progressing rapidly and shows many dramatic opportunities for overcoming the limitations of current electronic computers. The process is already underway whereby optical devices have been incorporated into many computing systems.

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